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2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162099

ABSTRACT

In 1992 a new syndrome was described consisting of syncopal episodes or sudden death in patients with a structurally normal heart and an electrocardiogram characteristic of right bundle branch block with ST segment elevation in leads V1 to V3. Brugada syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder. It has been shown to be associated with mutations in the gene (SCN5A) that encodes for the sodium ion channel in cardiac myocyte. Over 160 mutations of gene SCN5A have been identifi ed. Th e incidence of the disease is diffi cult to estimate, but it causes sudden deaths of 5 per 10,000 inhabitants per year and involved much more frequently in people of Asian ancestry. Diagnosis can be easily made by means of genetic analysis and ECG. Recent data suggest that loss of the action potential dome in the right ventricular epicardium underlies ST segment elevation seen in this syndrome. Right ventricular epicardium is preferentially aff ected because of the predominance of transient outward current in this tissue. Antiarrhythmic drugs like amiodarone and beta-blockers do not prevent death in symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals. Th ough Implantation of an automatic cardioverter–defi brillator is the only recently proven eff ective therapy; Quinidine has been found to decrease Ventricular fi brillation and could prove to be a secured option of implantable cardioverter–defi brillator. However, researcher set focus on gene therapy that may off er an enduring cure in future years. Th e purpose of this brief review is to record the past highlights that have brought us to our present understanding of Brugada syndrome.


Subject(s)
Asian People , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Brugada Syndrome/complications , Brugada Syndrome/diagnosis , Brugada Syndrome/mortality , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Humans , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology
3.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2014 Apr; 17(2): 170-172
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-150323

ABSTRACT

We describe postoperative refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) in a patient following aortic and mitral valve replacement. Following an uneventful separation from cardiopulmonary bypass with dobutamine, the patient developed recurrent VT, 4 hours into the postoperative period. The VT did not respond to standard doses of xylocard, magnesium and amiodarone. Electrolyte and acid base parameters were normal. Multiple cardioversions failed to revert back to a stable rhythm. Intra‑aortic balloon pumping was instituted and overdrive right ventricular pacing was unsuccessful. Following intravenous sotalol 80 mg, the VT came under control and reverted to a nodal rhythm, which required atrial pacing for the next 8 hours. Oral sotalol therapy was continued at 40 mg daily. The VT did not recur.


Subject(s)
Adult , Amiodarone , Electric Countershock , Heart Atria/surgery , Heart Valves/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Humans , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/methods , Male , Mitral Valve/surgery , Sotalol/therapeutic use , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy
5.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 31(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-648601

ABSTRACT

La taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica es una canalopatía caracterizada por la inducción de arritmias ventriculares polimórficas en presencia de catecolaminas. Deberá sospecharse en todo paciente joven, en especial niño o adolescente, que presente síncopes relacionados con el ejercicio físico o el estrés emocional, que no tenga cardiopatía estructural y que su electrocardiograma muestre un intervalo QT normal. Es poco frecuente, pero importante por el riesgo elevado de muerte súbita, que en ocasiones puede ser el debut. Las arritmias ventriculares son polimórficas o bidireccionales, fácilmente inducibles con el ejercicio físico y con infusión de isuprel, tienen un umbral predecible y una complejidad progresiva. Los antecedentes patológicos familiares de muerte súbita se observan entre el 30 y 40 pociento de los pacientes. Se han identificado 2 mutaciones genéticas causantes de la entidad (receptores de rianodina 2, con herencia autosómica dominante y calsecuestrina 2, con herencia autosómica reseciva); pero solo entre 50-55 porciento de los enfermos se ha testado una mutación causal. Las mutaciones condicionan la fuga de Ca2+ del retículo sarcoplásmico que favorece el origen de posdespolarizaciones tardías, las que inducirán la actividad ectópica ventricular. Los Ô-bloqueadores son el tratamiento de elección. El desfibrilador automático implantable está indicado en los pacientes recuperados de un evento de muerte súbita y en los sintomáticos a pesar del tratamiento farmacológico. La denervación simpática cardíaca izquierda, el verapamilo, la flecainida y la propafenona, son opciones alternativas en los sintomáticos a pesar del uso de β-bloqueadores


Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a channelopathy characterized by the induction of polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias in the presence of catecholamines. It should be suspected in any young patient, especially a child or adolescent, presenting with syncope associated with physical exercise or emotional stress, with no structural heart disease and an ECG showing a normal QT interval. It is a rare disease, its importance lying in the high risk of sudden death, which may sometimes be its debut. Ventricular arrhythmias may be polymorphic or bidirectional. They are highly inducible by physical exercise and Isuprel infusion, their threshold is predictable and their complexity progressive. A family history of sudden death is reported in 30 to 40 percent of patients. Two genetic mutations have been identified as causes of the condition (ryanodine receptor 2 with autosomal dominant inheritance and calsequestrin 2, with autosomal recessive inheritance). However, a causal mutation has been found in only 50-55 percent of patients. Mutations influence sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ leak, facilitating the appearance of late post-depolarisations, which will in turn induce ventricular ectopic activity. Beta-blockers are the treatment of choice. The automatic implantable defibrillator is indicated in patients recovered from a sudden death event and in those who remain symptomatic despite medical therapy. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation, verapamil, flecainide and propafenone are alternative options for patients who remain symptomatic despite the use of beta-blockers


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Channelopathies/etiology , Channelopathies/genetics , Death, Sudden/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy
7.
West Indian med. j ; 61(1): 102-105, Jan. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672859

ABSTRACT

Postoperative tetralogy of Fallot patients, since the first corrective surgical correction in the 1960s, have borne a burden of postoperation arrhythmias and sudden death. This is confirmed to be secondary to supraventricular arrhythmias and predominantly ventricular arrhythmias. It is rare to have both types of arrhythmias in the same patient, which the index case developed. Attempts to stratify patients in groups to predict which patients are susceptible to sudden death and arrhythmias have not been unanimous, despite multiple retrospective and prospective analysis of this group of patients.


Los pacientes de tetralogía de Fallot postoperatoria, desde la primera corrección quirúrgica en los años sesenta, ha soportado una pesada carga de arritmias postoperatorias y muerte súbita. Esto se confirma como secundario a las arritmias supraventriculares y las arritmias predominantemente ventriculares. Es raro encontrar ambos tipos de arritmias en el mismo paciente, como ocurrió en el caso del paciente índice. Los esfuerzos por estratificar a los pacientes en grupos para predecir qué pacientes son susceptibles a la muerte súbita y las arritmias no han sido unánimes, a pesar de los múltiples análisis prospectivos y retrospectivos de este grupo de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Male , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications , Tetralogy of Fallot/diagnosis , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-38363

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) is a rare but well-recognized clinical entity. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of this form of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in Thai children is not known. OBJECTIVE: To define clinical presentations, drug therapies, roles of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation, and the short-term outcome of these children in Thailand. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From April 1999 to June 2007, 10 patients were diagnosed as ILVT by specific electrocardiographic features and therapeutic response. All patients had a structurally normal heart. Data were collected retrospectively. Baseline clinical information, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) during VT, responses to drug therapy, results of RF catheter ablation therapy, and outcome were determined. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 9.5 years (range, 3.8 to 14.0 years). Three patients (30%) were male. Eight patients (80%) were diagnosed as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) before ILVT diagnosis. Median duration from SVT diagnosis to the correct diagnosis was 1.5 years (range, 0 to 6.0 years). Palpitation and chest pain were usual clinical manifestations while congestive heart failure was the presentation in one due to incessant tachycardia. Two patients had recurrent VT episodes during acute febrile illnesses. The majority of patients responded to intravenous verapamil. RF catheter ablation was performed in 3 patients with recurrence of the VT in one. CONCLUSION: Prompt recognition of the ILVTespecially in the emergency department is very important. Verapamil is effective for acute termination as well as prevention of VT recurrence. When VT is refractory to medical therapy, RF catheter ablation is safe and effective. The short-term prognosis was good.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Catheter Ablation , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Heart Ventricles/drug effects , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Thailand/epidemiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/drug therapy , Verapamil/therapeutic use
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(6): 675-680, jun. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429122

ABSTRACT

Ventricular tachycardia is one of the most feared complications after surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot and it is associated with sudden death. We report a 26 years old female with a history of surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot at age of 4 year-old, who developed sustained ventricular tachycardia despite antiarrhythmic drugs. She was successfully treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a valid treatment for these patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Catheter Ablation , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Electrocardiography , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology
12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 84(2): 182-184, fev. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-393681

ABSTRACT

A avaliação e estratificação de pacientes com dor torácica na sala de emergência pode nos direcionar a terapêutica adequada a cada paciente baseada na probabilidade da presença de doença coronariana aguda e no risco de eventos cardíacos maiores desta coronariopatia. Esta avaliação é baseada no tripé: quadro clínico, achados eletrocardiográficos e nos marcadores de lesão miocárdica. Relatamos o caso de um paciente chagásico de 58 anos de idade admitido na unidade de emergência por dor torácica e palpitações, com eletrocardiograma mostrando uma taquicardia ventricular sustentada e com dosagem de troponina positiva (0,99 ng/ml), submetido a cinecoronariografia, que não evidenciou doença coronariana obstrutiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/blood , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Troponin T/blood , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Biomarkers/blood , Cineangiography , Coronary Angiography , Electrocardiography , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy
13.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 76(1): 63-74, jan. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-279899

ABSTRACT

Syncope in children is primarily related to vagal hyperreactivity, but ventricular tachycardia (VT) way rarely be seen. Catecholaminergic polymorphic VT is a rare entity that can occur in children without heart disease and with a normal QT interval, which may cause syncope and sudden cardiac death. In this report, we describe the clinical features, treatment, and clinical follow-up of three children with syncope associated with physical effort or emotion and cathecolaminergic polymorphic VT. Symptoms were controlled with beta-blockers, but one patient died suddenly in the fourth year of follow-up. Despite the rare occurrence, catecholaminergic polymorphic VT is an important cause of syncope and sudden death in children with no identified heart disease and normal QT interval


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Nadolol/therapeutic use , Syncope/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy
14.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 47(3): 138-42, mayo-jun. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-268237

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento de las arritmias ventriculares continúa siendo un problema. El estudio dl CAST nos ha dejado enseñanzas que se deben tener siempre presente, especialmente en lo que se refiere al potencial proarrítmico de las drogas antiarrítmicas. En efecto, las drogas antiarrítmicas en las arritmias ventriculares pueden ser más dañinas que útiles. Probablemente la única droga que puede no ser peligrosa es la amiodarona, aunque su utilidad es discutida por algunos. 18 estudios randomizados que usaron amiodarona para prevención primaria de arritmias ventriculares complejas, muestran reducción de la mortalidad, lo que apoyaría aún más, loa justificación del uso de esta droga. Otros estudios recientes, apoyan el uso de DIC en pacientes con arritmias ventriculares complejas en quienes ha fracasado el uso de amiodarona


Subject(s)
Humans , Amiodarone/pharmacology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Coronary Disease/complications , Defibrillators, Implantable , Primary Prevention , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/prevention & control , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy
15.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 68(2): 61-5, abr.-jun. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-274106

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una actualización y revisión sobre uno de los problemas que más a menudo observamos en nuestras emergencias y salas de hospitalización, como ser el paro cardíaco, y se hace una referencia acerca de la técnica y manejo de la resucitación cardiopulmunar. En esta revisión definimos al paro cardíaco como la supresión brusca del gasto efectivo seguido de muerte biológica; y se dan una serie de pautas para llegar a un diagnóstico exacto de paro cardíaco tales como: 1.- Ausencia de pulsos y latidos cardíacos 2.- Ausencia de movimientos torácicos 3.-No auscultación de la respiración traqueal 4.-Dilatación de pupilas. Además se explica la técnica y medicamentos adecuados para una buena resucitación cardiopulmonar


Subject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Heart Arrest/diagnosis , Heart Arrest/etiology , Heart Arrest/drug therapy , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Ventricular Fibrillation/drug therapy
16.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 18(2): 55-62, mayo-jul. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277180

ABSTRACT

La taquicardia ventricular del tracto de salida de ventrículo derecho (TVD) es causa del 70 por ciento de las taquicardias ventriculares idiopáticas. Entre octubre de 1995 y agosto de 1997, siete pacientes (4 hombres), con edad promedio de 35 años (6-60), fueron sometidos a estudio electrofisiológico (EEF) y fulguración con radiofrecuencia (FRF) por TVD. El tiempo promedio de evolución de los síntomas fue de 21 meses. Los 7 pacientes tenían palpitaciones y 2 síncope. Ninguno tenía cardiopatía estructural de base y todos habían fracasado el tratamiento farmacológico. Durante el EEF, en tres pacientes la TV se inició espontáneamente, en cuatro con estimulación ventricular e isoproterenol y en uno con estimulación auricular. Para la FRF se avanzó un catéter vía vena femoral derecha, y bajo visión radioscópica, se mapeó el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho con técnica de pace mapping. La FRF tuvo éxito en los 7 pacientes. Hubo una recidiva a los 92 días, con refulguración exitosa. El promedio de aplicaciones de radiofrecuencia fue de 10 (rango de 1 a 19). El tiempo promedio de laboratorio fue de 4,6 ñ 0,6 horas, con un tiempo de radioscopia de 27 ñ 5 min. No hubo complicaciones ni recidivas de las TVDs. Conclusión: la FRF es una alternativa terapéutica eficaz y segura para pacientes con TVD


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Catheter Ablation/methods , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/surgery , Electrocoagulation/methods , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/complications , Electrocardiography/methods , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology
18.
Rev. cuba. cardiol. cir. cardiovasc ; 12(1): 13-9, ene.-jun. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-271088

ABSTRACT

La taquicardia ventricular fascicular izquierda se describe en pacientes jóvenes con corazón sano, episodios de arritmia sostenida y diversa sistematología. El electrocardiograma de la arritmia muestra taquicardia regular con QRS estrecho e imagen de bloqueo de rama derecha y fascicular anterior izquierdo y con frecuencia disociación auriculoventricular (AV). Se presentaron 2 pacientes, uno de 20 y otro de 10 años de edad, masculinos, remitidos por presentar taquicardias muy frecuentes, de horas de duración, presincopales en el mayor e incesante de días de evolución en el niño que no respondían a diversos fármacos. El electrocardiograma de ambos mostró la morfología típica de esta entidad, disociación AV en el adulto y conducción retrógada en el niño. Al adulto se le realizó estudio electrofisiológico, y previa topoestimulación (estimulación desde el posible sitio de la taquicardia) se anestesió, y se emitió un choque de 350J. Se ha mantenido asintomático por 2 años y medio. Al niño se le administró 2,5 mg de verapamilo EV lo que hizo que se enlenteciera la arritmia y que presentara disociación AV, capturas, fusiones y pasó a ritmo sinusal. A los pocos minutos reinició de nuevo y se indicó tratamiento con verapamilo oral en dosis de 40 mg cada 8 horas. Doce horas después cesó la arritmia definitivamente. Actualmente se mantiene asintomático a los 7 meses de evolución con dosis de 120 mg de verapamilo al día. En un futuro se le realizará ablación del origen de la arritmia con radiofrecuencia. Aunque esta taquicardia es poco frecuente, casi siempre es confundida con arritmias supraventriculares por lo que es importante que sea reconocida para indicar un tratamiento farmacológico correcto así como su remisión a un centro especializado para lograr la curación por medio de la ablación con radiofrecuencia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adult , Catheter Ablation , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery , Verapamil/therapeutic use
19.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-93915

ABSTRACT

Ventricular arrhythmias are considered to be related to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. ACE inhibitors though improve LV function their beneficial role on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias is not established. To study the effects of ACE inhibitors on exercise capacity vis-a-vis their role on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias, 25 patients of congestive heart failure (CHF) of various etiologies in NYHA Class II and III were subjected to a prospective randomised controlled trial. The control group comprising of 12 patients received conventional treatment (digitalis and diuretics) and the test group was given enalapril/captopril in addition as tolerated. They were followed up for 3 months. Exercise testing on treadmill and monitoring of clinical and biochemical parameters were done at the beginning and end of study in all cases. Ventricular arrhythmias observed during exercise and post-exercise for 10 minutes was analysed using Lown's grading for frequency and severity of ventricular arrhythmia. The mean exercise duration showed significant improvement on ACE inhibitor as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) however there was no significant change in the grades of arrhythmia. Serum electrolytes and other bio-chemical parameter were within normal range. It is concluded that effect of ACE inhibitor on improving functional capacity in CHF is independent of it's any effect on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Captopril/administration & dosage , Enalapril/administration & dosage , Exercise Test/adverse effects , Exercise Tolerance/drug effects , Female , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Physical Endurance , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 30(2): 93-9, mar.-abr. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-196875

ABSTRACT

Individuos acometidos de doença de Chagas em fase crônica foram tratados com corticóide, em virtude de afecçöes concomitantes. A fim de avaliar repercussöes sobre a infecçäo devida ao Trypanosoma cruzi, houve adoçäo de procedimentos de várias ordens, representados por métodos referentes à parasitose, exames inespecíficos e subsídios clínico, eletrocardiográfico e radiológico, tendo também sido mantido, para comparaçäo, grupo controle. Através do xenodiagnóstico ficou constatada a acentuaçäo da parasitemia, diretamente relacionada com a dose de corticóide, sem influência na evoluçäo da enfermidade parasitária, pelo menos durante o período no qual ocorreu a investigaçäo


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Mice , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Chagas Disease , Choriocarcinoma/drug therapy , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/drug therapy , Hodgkin Disease/drug therapy , Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy , Endometrial Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pemphigus/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Betamethasone/administration & dosage , Betamethasone/adverse effects , Betamethasone/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/adverse effects , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/adverse effects , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Triamcinolone/administration & dosage , Triamcinolone/adverse effects , Triamcinolone/therapeutic use
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